China'S Foreign Trade Development Goal And Kinetic Energy Promotion

In the past two years, the share and position of China's foreign trade in the global trading system has not declined, but has continued to rise.

Further, in the larger context, although China can not ignore the risk of being overtaken, China's new competitive advantages in the open economy, including long-term advantages and short-term advantages, are also increasingly shaping up.

The long-term advantages of our country stem from the advantages of China's human resources [-0.83%], industrial matching system, infrastructure, efficiency of public services, macroeconomic stability, and the extra brand image advantage brought by "comprehensive improvement of national strength" to "made in China"; the short-term advantage comes from the economic and social changes in the past few years.

On this basis, China's foreign trade and economic development goals and momentum are experiencing improvement.

First of all, China's early opening economic development goals are mostly primary: participation in the international division of labor system, in order to obtain a broader sales market; introduce competition mechanism; break through foreign exchange bottleneck constraints, so as to introduce advanced technology and equipment; create employment opportunities for hundreds of millions of surplus labor force in the traditional agricultural sector.

Scale and speed are of course our first goal.

To this end, our country pays at the expense of finance to acquire scarce foreign exchange, and at the expense of the micro market, to the benefit of the micro market to a certain extent.

From the "participation" to the "lead" of the international market target, including the impact of Global trade rules, the layout of the global value chain, the allocation and utilization of global resources, the higher level of institutional dividends, and so on.

Under such circumstances, the mode of low cost processing and large scale growth and development has been difficult to continue in the past. It is necessary to improve the quality and efficiency of supply through the supply side structural reform, from "big to big" to "superior and superior", from the scale speed leading to quality and benefit oriented, from serving GDP to serving GNP, and truly upgrading from a big trading country to a powerful trade country.

At the same time, the momentum of China's foreign trade and economic development is undergoing profound changes.

The annual export volume of a construction machinery enterprise in Hunan is 1 billion US dollars, and now the book export volume is only 3 or 400 million US dollars. But the volume and speed of the book export are temporarily downloaded in exchange for business efficiency and core competitiveness. The reason is that we have acquired the equivalent enterprises in Germany, Italy and Holland, and have acquired advanced technology, R & D team and marketing network, and also invested in factories such as India, Brazil and Turkey.

This kind of case is not uncommon. The so-called "no rainbow can be seen without wind and rain". Many foreign trade enterprises are trying to pform, focusing on high quality customers and quality markets, abandoning low price competition, developing services and quality competition.

From this point of view, in recent years, the world economic and trade situation is complex and changeable, which brings severe challenges to China's foreign trade, and also brings opportunities for pformation.

Moreover, relying on the new competitive advantage of open economy, in the new normal, in the process of linkage between industrial development, domestic market and international market, we have already stepped into the stage of fully implementing the strategy of relying on the domestic market to enhance the status of the international market.

Such a strategy will play an important role in enhancing the competitiveness of our industry and developing from a trading power to a trade power.

Innovation leads the future.

On the basis of the above new advantages and new strategies of open economic competition, how can China develop the development potential under the new normal situation of foreign trade?

In 2015, the pilot project of China's foreign trade innovation was fully rolled out; in 2016, the government work report again put forward "promoting foreign trade innovation and development".

It is believed that this year will become the "fast forward", "breakthrough year" and "bumper harvest year" of innovation, pformation and Reform in the field of foreign trade.

The most important innovation is the innovation of management system. Its task is to decentralization and decentralization, constantly improve the efficiency of public services, and create a good environment for the development of our industry and foreign trade.

Although the volume of foreign trade has temporarily shrunk in 2015, the government has been speeding up its efforts to innovate the foreign-related management system and mechanism, create an internationalized rule of law business environment, and implement a major foreign strategy. From the introduction of post event supervision, the implementation of a single window of international trade, the promotion of bilateral free trade area construction to the full start of the "one belt and one way" construction and international capacity cooperation, the construction of the domestic free trade area is a courageous self revolution.

In the long run, when China's foreign investment surges, improving the efficiency of public services and improving the domestic business environment can also ensure that China will avoid being trapped in the domestic industry hollowing out as the big country of foreign investment.

The second is foreign trade commodity innovation.

In the field of goods trade, this means that we should continuously push forward technological innovation and realize the continuous upgrading of the industrial and foreign trade commodity structure.

For this reason, we need constant innovation input.

In 2006, China's R & D investment ranked sixth in the world, second only to the United States, Japan, Germany, France and the United Kingdom.

In 2008, the total expenditure on research and development of the whole society (R&D) in China reached 457 billion yuan, which was 32 times that of 1991, with an average annual growth rate of 22.6%. The expenditure on per capita research and development expenditure based on the national population was 344 yuan, 28 times that of 1991. In 2008, the ratio of research and development funding to GDP was 1.52%, an increase of 0.87 percentage points over 1991.

In 2010, expenditure on research and development of the whole society reached 706 billion 260 million yuan, accounting for 1.76% of GDP.

In 2014, the expenditure for research and development of the whole society reached 1 trillion and 340 billion yuan, an increase of 155 billion 340 million yuan compared to 2013, accounting for 2.1% of GDP and 0.2 percentage points higher than that in 2013.

At the same time, enterprises have firmly established the status as the number one innovation entity, and R & D expenditure accounts for 76% of the total R & D expenditure in the world in 2014. The R & D staff accounts for 77% of the total R & D personnel in the country.

Today, China has made a series of important scientific and technological achievements, and some fundamental breakthroughs have huge potential for industrialization, such as the leading position in the field of quantum communication, which not only has irreplaceable strategic significance, but also can establish an unshakable dominant position for China's telecommunications equipment industry, which has already been among the first in the world, and open up a new world for industrial development.

The innovation of foreign trade goods that cannot be ignored is trade in goods.

Fusion.

The measurement of China's foreign trade depends on not only the "single champion" of trade in goods, but also the "second runner up" of service trade.

Compared with the developed countries such as the United States, the biggest difference is the service trade. In 2015, China's total trade in goods and services amounted to 4 trillion and 600 billion US dollars, and the United States was US $4 trillion and 990 billion. The difference between the two countries was about US $300 billion.

And the service link in the trade of goods is the way to win the enterprise.

According to the WTO report, the proportion of services in goods trade is nearly 50% based on added value.

As China has gradually become the main exporter of capital goods and large equipment, more and more domestic enterprises and individuals will go abroad to engage in diversified services such as R & D, design, consultation, management, maintenance, marketing and so on. The export of products and services will become the first choice of enterprises, and will also provide more opportunities for post-90s, 00 careers, employment and development.

Third, we must continue to push forward the pformation and upgrading of trade patterns.

On the one hand, it will continue to promote the pformation and upgrading of processing trade to general trade and the processing trade itself, and on the other hand, the upgrading of technological tools.

What many of our export-oriented enterprises need to do is not rush blindly to catch up with the emerging industries. Instead, we need to make more efforts to pform and upgrade the existing industries, especially the light industrial consumer goods export enterprises, with information technology and other new technologies.

If the information of two aspects of production and internal management is not far away from the importance of all industries, then, for the light industrial consumer goods industry, the importance of information in the sales link is particularly prominent.

Because in the capital intensive industries, the concentration ratio of the two party is relatively high, and even has reached the level of oligopoly competition. Even without the high level of modern information technology, buyers and sellers can relatively fast docking.

The industry is not, its buyers are often hundreds of millions of individual consumers, because the capital threshold of production is low, the producer's industrial concentration is relatively much lower.

Producers and

Both sides are highly dispersed, and the difficulty of docking between buyers and sellers is much higher than that of capital intensive oligopoly industries.

It is in this situation that through the information technology in the sales link, the buyer can break through the space restrictions and choose products in a larger range, and to some extent, get rid of some intermediate links, and strive for more desirable prices for himself. Producers can break through the space restriction to directly connect with consumers in a wider range and get rid of some intermediate links, and further analyze the data accumulated by the informatization, and plan the production and product delivery more accurately.

In China's industrial province, the industrial structure of Guangdong and Zhejiang is relatively "light". Correspondingly, for the high level industrialization of the Pearl River Delta and Zhejiang, the importance of information in the sales link is obviously higher than that in Liaoning, Inner Mongolia and Jiangsu.

In such a province like Zhejiang, the success of such a Alibaba as a successful enterprise started in circulation is not accidental. The success of informatization in the circulation and sales links represented by Alibaba has in turn promoted the sustainable development of Zhejiang's high level industrialization.

Such cases can give inspiration to other similar areas.

The same cannot be ignored is the great economic and social significance of the integration of technological innovation and entrepreneurship.

In recent years, millions of small and micro enterprises and natural persons have made the first pot of business through the import and export trade of many small and micro businesses and natural persons on the platform of many foreign trade integrated services, cross-border electricity suppliers and international trade market procurement.

There are nearly 30 procurement and supply businesses in Yiwu, which provide about 2 million kinds of export commodities, while orders from Alibaba international station, Dunhuang network, jumei.com and other cross-border e-commerce platforms are as small as several US dollars to tens of thousands of dollars. The entry threshold of foreign trade has been significantly reduced, and the level of trade facilitation has significantly improved.

This combination of business model innovation and mass entrepreneurship has not only added vitality to China's foreign trade, but also has great social significance.

Through the business model innovation, we should reduce the threshold of entrepreneurship and develop foreign direct investment to create a pioneering and developing world for the aspiring emerging market economies.

In the long run, we need to work hard to consolidate the attractiveness of the real sector of the economy.

From the perspective of the whole society, the biggest and most profound challenge of China's manufacturing and foreign trade lies in the decline in the enthusiasm of the society for the manufacturing industry, and the decline of the real economic sectors in attracting talents.

In the 3 / 15 evening of 2014, Nikon camera quality problem has become one of the most striking problems that have been uncovered. This problem is the performance of Japan's manufacturing industry declining in the domestic and international economic system, and the quality of Japan's "new new human" is far lower than that of the old Japanese.

The lessons of Japan deserve our deep consideration.

Against the backdrop of slowing global economic growth, we can not expect foreign trade to maintain its growth rate of two digit or even twenty or thirty per cent in the first ten years. The expectation of absolute growth can be moderately relaxed. However, we can confidently continue to maintain relative growth rate above our main competitors, thus promoting China's continued position in the international economic and trade system as a whole.