In 2020, China'S Science And Technology Contract Amount Will Exceed 2.8 Trillion Yuan. How Far Is The Distance Between Technology And Market?

"The reason why 80% of high-tech enterprises fail is not technology, but the soft platform outside the technology. The soft platform is the exchange of information and the collision of scientific and technological personnel's ideas." Recently, Xu Tian, vice president of West Lake University, said in an interview with 21st century economic reporter at the ecological Conference on high standard technology market construction held in Shanghai.

According to the data of the Ministry of science and technology, there are more than 1000 technology trading markets in China in 2019, and the transaction volume of technology contracts has exceeded the 2 trillion mark for the first time, which is 3.5 times of that in 2012. Obviously, technology trading has developed into a huge market. At the same time, the technology trading industry is also facing problems.

This field is different from other trades, so it is difficult to become a standardized multi frequency simple transaction, and has the characteristics of long-term and concealment. It is also a long process from value mining to technology maturity, and then to productivity.

At the same time, there are also some obstacles in the transformation of scientific research and technological achievements to the market. In the view of Xie Wenlan, deputy director of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission, scientific and technological innovation itself is to enhance vitality, enhance power, and better serve the economic and social development and the improvement of people's livelihood. To promote the high-quality development of technology market, the relevant measures include strengthening the function of trading place, strengthening the support of financial capital, improving the international technology transfer network, improving the registration policy of technology contract, etc.

In 2020, China's technology contract amount will exceed 2.8 trillion, with a year-on-year increase of 26.1%. China has a huge market for science and technology investment and scientific and technological achievements. While the rapid development brings opportunities, how to break through the encirclement? The government, enterprises, universities, technology exchanges and other parties need to jointly explore the answer.

Distance between technology and market

How to transform scientific and technological achievements into core technologies and products and push them to the market?

On January 31, the general office of the CPC Central Committee and the general office of the State Council issued the action plan for building a high standard market system.

The plan proposes to support China technology exchange, Shanghai technology exchange, Shenzhen Stock Exchange and other institutions to build national intellectual property and scientific and technological achievements property rights trading institutions, carry out intellectual property transfer, licensing and other operational services nationwide, and accelerate the development of technology trading services.

On October 28, 2020, Shanghai Technology Exchange officially opened. As of April 2021, there have been 1425 scientific and technological achievements listed in Shanghai technology exchange, with a total transaction value of 847 million yuan, 1740 scientific and technological achievements intended to enter the market, and 1.507 billion yuan of intended trading amount.

At the same time, the Shanghai Technology Exchange has also built an innovation center for achievements transformation with 22 scientific research institutes and universities, and cooperated with 67 scientific research institutes to carry out achievements transformation service cooperation, involving 870 million transaction amount. At the same time, there are still many deficiencies in the construction of the market system of technological factors. For example, the technology transfer ecosystem is not perfect, the professional ability of service institutions and platforms is insufficient, and it is unable to play an efficient role in resource allocation of enterprises, capital and other elements.

Xie Wenlan believes that the construction of technology factor market has a long way to go, and there are still many deficiencies in the system construction. For example, in terms of technology supply, there are still obstacles in the system and mechanism of colleges and universities. There are many achievements, but the quality is not high, and there is still a distance from the market. From the demand side, as the main body of innovation, enterprises do not invest enough in R & D, and some high-end equipment, key parts and components, and key materials rely on imports“ Four new enterprises contribute a quarter of Shanghai's GDP, but only 0.5% of science and technology investment. "

Among them, the inflexibility of enterprise system will also hinder the landing of scientific and technological innovation“ An enterprise has won the first prize for its scientific and technological progress. According to the regulations, it is necessary to reward the members of science and technology or the main inventors and inventors. As a result, the enterprise implements the annual salary system, and the scientific and technological workers can't give any more rewards. " Xie Wenlan points out, for example, that part of the system and employment mechanism limit innovation.

Innovation is still the most important breakthrough in the future after the leap from a manufacturing country to an intelligent manufacturing country. Xu Tian pointed out that if a technology is to be introduced to the market, it must be guided by the market and whether it is recognized by the market. To tackle key problems jointly is to combine interests. It is impossible to rely on ideals alone.

"The biggest difficulty for the industry is to discover and identify the scientific and technological achievements that can be transformed. The most important problem is that the information is not unblocked. To turn scientific papers into scientific and technological products with core technologies, the most important ones are two groups of people: Scientists and investors. But these two groups of people are actually people from two different worlds. Only by combining them together can we truly turn scientific achievements into products with core technologies. " He further pointed out.

All parties need to form a joint force

In fact, the Shanghai technology exchange was established as early as 1993, but there is no way to break through the traditional ways of handling state-owned assets and circulation links. Therefore, the choice of the way to introduce foreign capital also makes it difficult to realize self innovation in technology.

Xie Jihua, general manager of Shanghai technology exchange, said in an interview with 21st century economic reporter that the exchange has always played an auxiliary role in the process of China's economic development and scale-up, and has not yet been able to form a real market.

According to the China (Shanghai) international technology import and Export Fair, the turnover of national technology contracts will reach 2.8 trillion yuan in 2020, up 26% year on year“ During the 13th Five Year Plan period, the number of patent transfer, license, pledge and other operations in China reached 1.386 million times, 2.5 times of that during the 12th Five Year Plan period, with an average annual growth rate of 23.7%.

"In the process from incubator to exchange, we have formed the whole service chain. First, there are incubators, then the Eastern Center of national technology transfer, and then the exchange. After that, we need to reverse to form more specialized parks to boost industrialization." Xie Jihua said that in the future, Shanghai Technology Exchange will give full play to its regional advantages based on Shanghai, serve the Yangtze River Delta, form a common technology market, and share Shanghai's advantages such as innovation, capital, market and internationalization with the Yangtze River Delta.

In this regard, Liu Ti, deputy general manager of Shanghai Stock Exchange, also believes that the synergy of technology and capital is the key to promoting the high-quality development of the country, and is also the premise of giving full play to the hub function of the capital market“ Venture capital plays a very important role in the early stage of enterprise development, until landing in the capital market. From the experience of the United States, the VC / PE industry in the United States is developing very fast. The biggest sectors it has invested in these years are computers and biomedicine, and these two sectors are also the sectors in which they invest most. "

He disclosed that he hoped to build the science and technology innovation board into a mature market through the reform of the capital market. In the future, the science and Technology Innovation Board will continue to become bigger and stronger, support a number of high-tech enterprises, form collaborative linkage with the technology factor market, and guide capital to support core technology enterprises.

At present, among 267 science and technology innovation enterprises that have been listed, 250 have obtained PE investment, with a total investment amount of more than 200 billion. On average, each company has obtained about 800 million venture capital before listing, and the total number of investment rounds is more than 1000.

At present, China's economy is facing a turning point from big to strong. This turning point needs to be realized by technological innovation. The scientific research achievements of colleges and universities can be truly transformed into the first productivity by opening the path of achievement transformation and realizing the process from invention to industrialization.