Net Cash Supplement Should Be Applied To Deal With Cash Discount.

In order to standardize the accounting and relevant information disclosure of the inventory, the Ministry of Finance issued the "enterprise accounting standards - inventory" and came into effect on January 1, 2001.

The fifth initial measurement of the standard stipulates that "inventory should be accounted for at its cost."

Inventory costs include procurement costs, processing costs and other costs.

Now, the general method of dealing with cash discounts, which is generally introduced by the accounting profession, deviates from this regulation.

Because under the lump sum law, enterprises are required to record inventory costs and accounts payable at the invoice price before deducting the discount of purchases. If the discount is paid during the discount period, the "financial expense" account will be directly reduced, which will cause the cost of inventory entry to be inconsistent with the actual payment.

　　例如某企业2002年6月26日赊购原材料一批，材料价款50000元，增值税8500元，付款条件为2/10，n/30.总价法下账务处理如下：　　购入时，借：物资采购 　　　　　　　　　　　50000　　 应交税金—应交增值税（进项税额） 8500　 　 贷：应付账款 　　　　　　　　　　58500　　入库时，借：原材料 　　50000　　 贷：物资采购 50000　　若10日内付款，借：应付账款 58500　 　贷：银行存款 　　　　57500（50000×98%+8500）　　 财务费用 　　　　 1000　　很显然，库存原材料的入账价格是50000元，而实际付款（不含税）49000元，两者相差1000元，这与准则中存货按成本入账的规定相违背，应进行改进：　　一、采用西方的“净价法”　　净价法是按扣除购货折扣之后的发票价格记录

The cost of inventory and accounts payable should be regarded as a normal phenomenon. It is considered that the guestroom will usually pay in advance. If the discount exceeds the discount period, the purchase discount will be lost and the account will be included in the "financial expense" account. In this way, the purchase of the enterprise will make the storage cost and the actual payment amount (not including tax) consistent with the payment in the discount period, which is also consistent with the international accounting standards.

It should pay the value added tax (input tax) 8500 loan: accounts payable 57500 (because the provisions of our country adopt the total price method, therefore, the invoice amount provided by the seller is generally 50000+8500 yuan, so we should make specific treatment or explanation according to the special invoice issued by the seller). Borrow: raw material 49000 loan: material purchase 49000: enjoy the discount, do the entry directly: 49000: account payable 57500: bank deposit 57500 can be seen from this. When enjoying the discount, the enterprise pays the material price 49000 yuan and the material storage cost is equal to $49000. The above example is still used. The accounting method under the net price method is as follows: when buying, 49000 should pay taxes.

But what happens when companies do not enjoy cash discounts?

When the discount is not recorded, it will be: accounts payable 57500 financial cost 1000 loan: the bank deposit 58500 shows that when the company does not enjoy the cash discount, the material price is 50000 yuan, the warehousing cost is 49000 yuan, the two are not equal, because the net price method can not fully guarantee that the inventories are accounted for according to the cost, only when the enterprises enjoy the discount, will they meet the requirements in the guidelines and need further improvement.

Two, using the "net price additional method" to adjust the above accounts, we can see that the total price method and the net price method have their own shortcomings. They can not guarantee that the inventory should be accounted for at cost. We need to further adjust the two methods.

Because enterprises will get discount in most cases, the application of net price in accounting practice will be more common. It will not only make the inventory and accounts payable more practical in the reporting period, but also separate the discounted purchase discounts from the bad financial management, which is easy to attract the attention of the management and take corresponding control measures. Therefore, adjusting the net price method is more practical than adjusting the total price method.

Under this method, the discounted purchase discount is no longer included in the "financial expense" account, but is added to the "material procurement" account. That is, if the enterprise fails to manage the money properly at every purchase, it will not increase the cost of the inventory if it does not enjoy the cash discount. This solves the problem of inventory accounting at the cost, and can urge the enterprise to actively manage its finances and enjoy cash discounts, so as not to increase the cost of inventory.

In the above example, when the net price adjustment method is adopted, the purchase cost should be added to the situation where the discount is not available.

That is to say, when you don't enjoy the discount, you borrow: account payable 57500 material purchase 1000 loan: bank deposit 58500 can see that under this method, the price is 50000 yuan when the discount is not available, and the total cost of material storage is 50000 yuan, both of them are equal, which solves the insufficiency of the net price law.

But the discount is sometimes intertemporal, such as the last month's warehousing and payment this month, so that it is difficult to adjust the inventory cost that has been accounted for. At this time, it is difficult to adjust the entry entry without discount, that is, when the stock is not in storage, it will not be specific to a product object, but set up the "additional cash discount" for the two level subjects. If the above example assumes that the enterprise will pay in July 3rd, the entry of the additional "material purchase" when entering the warehouse is: raw material - cash discounts 1000 loan: material purchase 1000.

For example, in July, 1000 yuan of raw materials to be put into storage should be adjusted into the cost of materials imported last month, and raw materials will be stored at 50000 yuan, so that inventories will be accounted for at cost.