New Silk Road Opened In The New Bionic Era

< p > here the world is < a target= "_blank" href= "//www.sjfzxm.com/" > dress < /a > a target= "_blank" href= "_blank".

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< p > man first learned to spin cocoons and spun silk, and made use of biological materials to spin and make clothes, thus creating a silk road linking East and West.

From natural fiber to "six big Lun" and other artificial fibers, people invented countless kinds of new fibers based on the principle of bionics, and weave a wonderful life.

Now, in the field of fiber science and technology, scientists and engineers have never stopped learning and learning from all creatures.

In this new era of bionics, a new silk road will be built.

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< p > < strong > thinner, stronger, more beautiful < /strong > /p >

< p > under normal circumstances, the length is larger than the diameter of more than 1000 times, and has a certain flexibility and strength of fine substances, it is called "fiber".

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Professor Zhu Meifang, Dean of the school of materials science and engineering, Donghua University, said that fiber is actually one of the earliest natural materials that mankind has ever begun to use. It is also one of the greatest discoveries of mankind, which has greatly promoted the progress of human civilization.

In the primitive society more than 10 thousand years ago, our ancestors began to make use of natural fibers such as cotton, wool, silk and hemp, and then gradually developed the technology of < a target= "_blank" href= "//www.sjfzxm.com/" > textile < /a >.

Dating back to more than 3000 years BC, there are records of natural fiber use and spinning and weaving in four ancient civilizations.

Five thousand or six thousand years ago, China began to raise silkworms, take silk and make silk.

From the cultural relics unearthed in Shang Dynasty, we can see that weaving technology had used many kinds of real silk, and silk production was beginning to take shape.

To the flourishing age of Han and Tang Dynasties, the Silk Road across Europe and Asia spread silk technology to Persia, Arabia and Egypt, and entered Europe in fifteenth Century.

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< p > compared with the long history of natural fibers, the history of chemical fibers is relatively short.

The most famous chemical fiber is the world's first synthetic fiber. The US DuPont Co named it "nylon (Nylon)".

In 1939, DuPont publicly sold nylon stockings and caused a stir, so chaotic that the police could make order.

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< p > "as thin as silk, as strong as steel wire, as beautiful as silk silk", the world has used such a statement to praise nylon fiber.

Although it is a bit "flattering", this is indeed a kind of expectation that human beings have made to the properties of textile fibers.

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< p > strong > Where does silk come from? Silkworm to spiders < /strong > /p >

< p > silkworm silkworm, domesticated, silk fiber has become a kind of raw fiber derived from biomass.

Nowadays, through genetic engineering modification, this fiber resource derived from nature can achieve super value application.

Because pgene has changed from "eating" to "wearing", entering the field of textiles -- the silk products pferred to spider protein gene are fine, soft and skin friendly.

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Under the support of the national bioengineering major project, China completed the first silkworm genome map in 2003, and completed the fine genome map of silkworm in 2008. The genome sequencing of silkworm has laid the foundation for the construction of pgenic mulberry silk project. P

Yu Jianyong, vice president of Donghua University, introduced genetically modified mulberry silk including spider protein gene mulberry silk and colored mulberry silk.

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< p > for example, embedding some gene from spider silk protein gene into silk protein gene can make silk protein contain a certain amount of spider silk protein, and change and enhance the performance of traditional silk.

Mulberry silk itself is also being improved and modified. China's advanced research institutes have developed a variety of colored mulberry silk varieties. Yellow varieties were introduced before 2009, and yellow, green and red colors have been produced since 2009.

Of course, at this stage, the color silk still faces the technical bottleneck of insufficient color fastness, and the colourful colors given by genetic engineering are not easy to endure.

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< p > since silk has been used for thousands of years, does spider silk have any value in its use? It is understood that spider silk has the characteristics of high strength, high elasticity, radiation resistance, heat stability, fatigue resistance and degradability. It is also a high-quality natural biomaterial and has great potential application value in military, aerospace and biomedical fields.

But its application basis, like silk, lies in the cognition and control of its protein genes.

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< p > in the field of spider silk protein gene research, the school of chemical biology of Donghua University recently reported that Professor Meng Qing's research team has made significant progress after 6 years of tackling key problems.

For the first time in the world, they screened a spider silk protein full-length gene, which is used by spiders to code their captured silk.

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< p > Meng Qing introduced that spider silk fibers consist of 6 kinds of proteins encoded by genes, including dragging silk, trapping silk, flagellum, wrapping silk, wrapping silk and fixing wire.

So far, only the California university research team in the world has cloned the full length gene of dragline protein, and China's scientific research results fill a blank of another clone gene.

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< p > it is reported that the Donghua research group has established a highly efficient protein expression system by using protein splicing technology, and achieved the in vitro synthesis of spider silk protein.

At the same time, they obtained the gene engineering bionic spider silk fiber by electrospinning and water spinning technology.

This achievement is helpful to further analyze the structure and function of spider silk protein, explore its filming mechanism, and prepare excellent bionic spider silk fiber.

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< p > < strong > searching for new Silk Road < /strong > < /p > in the sea.

< p > the source of fiber used for mankind is expanding from land to sea.

The same as biomass fiber, silk and spider silk are biomass primary fibers, while marine biomass fibers from the sea belong to biomass regenerated fibers.

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< p > you may not think that this kind of fiber is made from algae, shrimp and crab.

There are many specific sources, including marine animal fiber, such as chitin fiber, chitin derivative fiber, and marine plant fiber, such as alginate fiber, carrageenan fiber, agar fiber and so on.

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< p > academician Yu Jianyong believes that such biological fibers do not rely on chemical industries such as petroleum, nor are they competing for food in cultivation and breeding. They have opened up third sources of raw materials for fiber materials and are in line with the development trend of green and environmentally friendly fiber materials.

At the same time, they can give fiber special properties, such as "chitosan fiber" has natural bacteriostatic, biological activity, adsorption, its pure spinning antibacterial rate of more than 99%, blending 75%, each gram of chitosan fiber can absorb about 66.6 mg of formaldehyde.

Another example, such as alginate fiber, has natural flame retardancy and radiation protection function. It can turn waste into treasure and turn harm into profit.

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< p > experts believe that chitosan fiber is a rare natural fiber with five functions: non-toxic, mildew proof, antibacterial, flame retardant and antistatic.

In the field of textile and clothing, chitosan fiber is especially suitable for bedding, underwear, socks, towels and other skin care products.

It can also be used for barrier materials for medical textiles, radioactive materials, labor protection articles for nuclear workers, and even tobacco filter materials for tobacco industry, as well as air filter materials for water purifier and special purpose.

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< p > industrialization, the main raw material for producing chitosan fiber is chitosan, which is the product after the chitin is removed from acetyl, and chitin comes from the common shrimp shell.

At present, the biomass fiber such as chitosan and fiber has already broken through the key technology, and has the basis of industrial production capacity. The overall technology level has reached the international leading position.

Similarly, the 100 tons of alginate fiber production plant based on marine algae has also been successfully tested in the enterprise, and the related products have been put on the market.

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< p > according to the plan, by 2015, biomass chemistry in China will be less than a href= "//www.sjfzxm.com/news/index_s.asp" > fiber > /a > and its raw material output will increase from 3 million tons in 2012 to 5 million 100 thousand tons, with an average annual growth of 17%, and the total output value can exceed 100 billion yuan.

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