R & D Fee Deducts The Special Account And Subsidiary Account In The Policy.

Because in the era of gradual popularization of computerized accounting, the use of manual accounting books is becoming less and less. We use all kinds of electronic books which are brought in the financial software.

Although the new operation method of R & D cost plus deduction policy has been introduced, some people still can not distinguish between the "special account" and "auxiliary account" and how to set it up.

Books are classified according to their nature and purpose: Journal, ledger and audit.

Of course, there are many kinds of classification methods, such as form, format and so on.

The ledger can also be divided into general ledger and subsidiary ledger.

The general ledger is referred to as general ledger, and subsidiary ledger can be divided into three column subsidiary ledger, multi column subsidiary ledger, quantity amount subsidiary account, project accounting ledger and so on.

Checking accounts are sometimes referred to as reference books, ledgers, etc., which supplement the journal and ledger, and are mainly used for registration of the economic business which is not registered and reflected in the journal and ledger.

At this point, we should understand that: auxiliary accounts = checking accounts. The contents of the audit accounts can be Paul's great content, and do not stick to the contents of the accounting vouchers, so there is no one-to-one correspondence with the bookkeeping vouchers.

"Special account"? The "special account" here can be understood as a subsidiary ledger for specialized accounting of R & D expenses, and it must be accounted for according to the prescribed requirements.

When the annual declaration and settlement of income tax are carried out, the first item is compiled according to the compilation of the cost of research and development projects, and then the amount of deduction for research and development expenses is calculated according to the provisions of the tax law.

This step mainly needs to discriminate the contents of R & D expenditure of accounting, and the items that can not be deducted from the provisions of tax law should be excluded.

When the annual declaration of income tax is applied for the deduction of research and development expenses, the following information shall be provided to the tax authorities: the resolution document, the project plan, the organization establishment document (the responsible person, the post, the duty) and the list of professional personnel, the item cost budget, the project related contract or agreement, the project cost situation collection form, the project utility statement or the research result report, and the project appraisal opinion (according to the tax authority's request).

"Special account" accounts for R & D expenses, requires a project "a special account", the cost needs to be collected in accordance with the requirements of the tax law and fill out the "project cost situation collection table", is very complicated.

When there are many projects to benefit from the expenditure, it is necessary to share among different projects. For example, if the chief engineer participates in R & D activities of multiple projects, the wages of chief engineers will be shared before multiple projects, otherwise they will not meet the requirements of "special account" accounting.

According to the spirit of this Article 119, there will be no "special account" for the R & D cost under the new policy, as long as the supplementary account is OK.

If the computerized accounting is used and the "special account" has been carried out in accordance with the original policy, the original accounting methods and accounting details can be retained, as well as the requirements of the new policy.

If the industry did not carry out special accounting or new research and development cost deduction, it is necessary to set up an auxiliary account.

Then, how do we set up "auxiliary accounts"?

Compared with the original policy, I think that "R & D expenditure" and its two level subjects "cost expenditure" and "capitalization expenditure" should still be retained according to accounting standards, and the main changes are three level detailed subjects.

The setting of the three level details can be set up according to the name of the cost listed in the specific scope of "the allowable deductible R & D expenses" specified in Document No. 119, which also maximizes the consistency between accounting and tax law requirements.

Whether or not the project accounting is retained has been the choice of the enterprise itself.

If the item accounting is not retained, then a reference book for the sub item is established.

If we set up a "research and development expenditure - cost expenditure - labor costs" subject, and did not carry out project accounting, then all projects cost labor costs will inevitably be under this subject. Under the new policy, if there is no project accounting, we only need to specify the items in the auxiliary account.

Even if the R & D project is not large or the frequency of expenses is low, the "other related expenses" which can be deducted from the company can not be set up too many complicated accounting subjects.

For example, the "travel expense" incurred by R & D personnel for R & D does not want to set up accounting subjects alone, but is still accounted for under the "management expenses - travel expenses". At this time, it is only necessary to register separately on the auxiliary account according to the project, and it is also a "setting up auxiliary account" to meet the new policy requirements.

Similarly, there are still many costs, such as "five risks and one gold". If the original policy is in place, it must be accounted for according to the "special account" of the R & D project, and under the new policy, it is not necessary to set up such an account alone.

In the new policy of No. 119, the "specialization" has been removed, such as equipment and instruments for research and development, without emphasizing "specialization", which is in line with the actual situation of enterprises.

Enterprise equipment and instruments may be used for R & D as well as production and operation. According to the new policy, it is only necessary to reasonably share the depreciation fees collected for R & D, and do not need to change the original accounting method or depreciation account into accounting subjects.

The specialized registration and collection of R & D expenditure by auxiliary account is also a separate accounting, and it can also achieve accurate and reasonable collection of all expenses.

Therefore, the new policy simplifies accounting.

Therefore, compared to the "special account" of the original policy, the "auxiliary account" of R & D expenditure is simpler.

However, simplicity does not mean that accounting is required.

For example, the raw and auxiliary materials used for R & D and the raw and auxiliary materials used for production and production must be strictly separated from the source of the raw materials. The requisition sheets should be separated, accounting should be separated, and the materials can not be separated or accounted for. It is not only a casually registered XX item R & D consumable material XX yuan.

Therefore, when dealing with R & D expenditure and deducting new policies, financial personnel must strictly follow the accounting standards and take prudent treatment. For the expenses that are easy to be confused with R & D expenditure and production and operation, it should be accounted for at the outset and reduce the tax risk of later tax verification.

Therefore, the best way is to combine "special account" with "auxiliary account" to calculate R & D expenditure.

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